Category: US

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As we explore the technology behind blockchain, it is important to understand what role bitcoin plays.

• Bitcoin is a digital currency launched in 2009, with the intention of simplifying online transactions by bypassing government control of currency.
• It does this by storing and transacting the currency over a peer-to-peer network, a blockchain, rather than using a central monetary repository.

It’s important to make the distinction that bitcoin is not a blockchain itself.

• Bitcoin is transacted over an open, public, anonymous blockchain network.
• In many ways you can think of blockchain as the operating system and bitcoin is one of the many applications that run on that system.

The blockchain that underlies Bitcoin has some fundamental similarities, but also key differences to a blockchain built for business, such as the Linux Foundation’s Hyperledger Fabric：

• Both are cost effective as they increase speed of transactions and reduce overhead costs.
• Both are highly efficient as the transaction is recorded once and is then visible to all parties through the distributed network.
• Both are tamper evident. The transaction cannot be changed, it can only be reversed with another transaction in which case both transactions are visible.

However a bitcoin blockchain is limited in a few ways:

• It is primarily designed to transact cryptocurrency and is also open and public, meaning anyone can join and view every transaction that’s ever happened on the network.
• It is anonymous, meaning it is nearly impossible to know the identity of who is involved in a transaction.
• Because of this, it requires heavyweight cryptography to deter fraudulent activity, which requires significant computing power.

These characteristics leads to many issues around efficiency, confidentiality, security and trust when conducting business, especially around regulated industries.

On the other hand, a bockchain built for business enables you to exchange anything of value, whether tangible like a car or house, intangible like a patent or copyright or digital like videos or photos：

• It is private, so the invited members know exactly who they are doing business with.
• It is permissioned, so participants are only given access to data relevant to them, and it runs on smart contracts – business logic embedded into the network, reducing disputes and increasing trust.
• The blockchain for business also utilizes selective endorsement, which allows participants to control exactly who verifies transactions.

All of these qualities make a blockchain for business more efficient , more secure, and more effective across your business networks.

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在我們探索區塊鏈背後的技術時，必須先了解比特幣扮演的角色:

• 比特幣是2009年推出的數字貨幣，其目的是通過繞過政府對貨幣的控制簡化網上交易。
• 它通過在對等網絡（區塊鏈）上存儲和交易貨幣來完成此操作，而不是使用中央貨幣庫。

確定比特幣本身不是區塊鍊是非常重要的:

• 比特幣是通過公開的匿名區塊鍊網絡進行交易的。
• 在很多方面，您可以將區塊鏈視為操作系統，比特幣是在該系統上運行的眾多應用程序之一。

作為比特幣基礎的區塊鏈有一些基本的相似之處，但也與為基於業務構建的區塊鏈（如Linux基金會的Hyperledger Fabric）有著重要區別:

• 兩者都具有成本效益，因為它們可以提高交易速度並降低間接成本。
• 兩者都是高效的，因為交易只記錄一次，然後通過分佈式網絡對所有各方都可見。
• 兩者都是防篡改的。交易不能變更，只能跟另一項交易一起更改，在這種情況下，這兩個交易都是可見的。(Both are tamper-evident. The transaction cannot be changed, it can only be reversed with another transaction in which case both transactions are visible.)

然而，比特幣區塊鏈在幾個方面受到限制：

• 它主要用於交易加密貨幣，同時也是開放和公開的，這意味著任何人都人可以加入和查看網絡上發生的每一筆交易。
• 它是匿名的，這意味著幾乎不可能知道參與交易的人的身份。
• 正因為如此，它需要重量級密碼來阻止欺詐活動，這需要大量的計算能力(computing power)。
• 在開展業務時(conducting business)，特別是在受監管行業周圍，這些特點會帶來許多有關效率，保密性，安全性和信任的問題。

另一方面，為商業打造的連鎖店讓你可以交換任何有價值的東西，無論是像汽車還是房子一樣有形，像專利或版權這樣的無形資產，或者像視頻或照片那樣的數字：

• 這是私人的(private)，所以受邀的成員確切知道他們與誰做生意。
• 它是被許可的(permissioned)，所以參與者只能獲得與他們相關的數據，並且它運行在智能合約上 – 將業務邏輯(business logic)嵌入到網絡中, 減少爭端並增加信任。
• 商業區塊鏈還利用選擇性認可(selective endorsement)，允許參與者準確地控制誰來驗證交易。

所有這些特質為您的業務網絡提供更高效，更安全，更高效的業務區塊鏈。